Programming languages you should learn first

There are thousands of programming languages, and for a beginner it is hard to know where to start. There are a lot of tips in forums and on websites, which can also be confusing.

We suggest solving the problem step by step.

Before choosing a programming language, answer the question: what area of information technology do I want to develop?

1. Website development. This includes the creation of web pages, styles for them and server programs. For all this, languages and technologies such as HTML & CSS, JavaScript, PHP are used.

2. Creating applications for PCs. To develop in this area, you should first learn Java and C#.

3. Creation of databases. Start with the languages SQL and Python.

4. Development of games. Here the undisputed leader is C++. But if you want to develop games for Android, you should start with Java.

Advantages and disadvantages of major programming languages

In each direction of IT several languages are used, starting with a simple one and gradually moving to a complex one. And we will present you the features, advantages and disadvantages of some of them.

Python

1. The speed of program execution. Compared to other languages, it is not high;
2. Errors that appear at runtime. Programmers working with Python report problems with the design of the language. It needs more testing, since errors appear only when actions are executed.

Java

1. Simplicity. It is easy to read, write, and maintain, and does not resemble the machine code of low-level languages, but rather a human language;
2. Support for various libraries. Java is now widely used, many hosting providers work with it. You can program from any computer;
   
3. Security. A proprietary security policy, Security Manager, allows you to set rules for accessing the application and run it in a test mode (in the "sandbox") to check for and eliminate vulnerabilities;
   
4. Accessibility. The current version of Java is free. However, in 2019 it could become chargeable - you will have to pay a certain amount for updates and bug fixes, depending on the number of users;
   
5. Development. New versions of this language are released regularly, thousands of applications are developed. Java is actively supported by a community of programmers and developers.
   

1. Complex code. Long sentences make it difficult to view and read;
2. Low performance. Like Python, Java has low program execution speed. This is a problem of most high-level languages.

JavaScript

1. Simplicity. Mastering the language is quite simple. Its model has many preset functions that make it elementary to create a program script;
2. Versatility. JavaScript is compatible with other languages and is used in most applications;
3. Continuous improvement. A beta version of JavaScript2 is currently under development.

1. Security level. There is a risk of running malicious code on a PC when JavaScript is added. This is possible due to the free access to the source code;
2. Minor bugs. Errors may occur during work, which are easy to fix, but they are still annoying and reduce the professionalism of the language;
   
3. Wide distribution. This fact is considered a disadvantage, because most popular programs and applications are based on JavaScript and will simply disappear when the language ceases to exist.

PHP

1. Clarity and accessibility. This language is considered easy to learn, even for novice programmers;
2. Support for most databases;
3. Availability of extensions and libraries. You do not have to create them from scratch;
   
4. Availability for most operating systems: Linux, Windows, macOS.

1. Not suitable for developing applications that have a graphical interface (GUI applications);
2. Has security issues. Vulnerabilities in web applications, code for working with databases, loading files, etc. To combat this, you need to study a lot of information about security;
   
3. Lack of compatibility with other versions of the language.
   

C

C++ has evolved from the C language. Now they evolve separately and are incompatible in some ways.

1. Minimalism. The developers originally created it to simplify writing large programs and reduce the number of errors;
2. Universality. The language has a large toolkit for different areas of activity;
   
3. Performance. C has high speed and productivity.
   

1. Difficult for those who learn programming from scratch. It is better to switch from simpler languages to this language;
2. Error handling is difficult;
3. No modules or namespaces.

С++

1. Support for a wide range of programming techniques;
2. Ability to work with low-level addresses, memory and ports;
   
3. Supported by most platforms.
   

1. The occurrence of errors. This is caused by the syntax of the language;
2. Complexity. In general, C++ is difficult to learn. It is better if you have a specialist to advise and guide you;
   
3. The presence of security vulnerabilities.
   

No matter what language you want to learn, which one you prefer. If you want to master the skills of programming, no disadvantage will be able to stop you. And the school CODDY will help you in this difficult but interesting case.